Difference between En1a and 1018 steel
Difference between En1a and 1018 steel bars
Both 1018 and EN1A steel are carbon steels. The chemical makeup, mechanical characteristics, machining features, and common uses of EN1A and 1018 steel bars differ from one another. Here is a detailed comparison:
EN1A is a low-carbon steel known for its excellent machinability and outstanding surface finish. It has a carbon content of 0.07-0.15% and a manganese content of 0.80-1.20%. It also has larger amounts of sulphur, which can improve its machinability as compared to 1018 steel. This steel grade is commonly used for making precision engineering components, such as screws and gears, and for making parts that require a good surface finish.
1018 steel, on the other hand, is a low-carbon steel that is known for its excellent formability and weldability. It has a carbon content of 0.15-0.20% and a manganese content of 0.60-0.90%. It also has small amounts of sulphur and phosphorus. This steel grade is commonly used for making structural components, such as shafts and rods, and for making parts that require excellent formability, such as gears.
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Mechanical Properties (Typical)
| Property | EN1A | AISI 1018 |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 370–480 MPa | 410 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 225–400 MPa | 250 MPa |
| Elongation | 6–10% | 15% |
| Hardness (Brinell) | ~120–220 HB | ~126 HB |
| Machinability | Excellent (free-cutting) | Good (70% of 1212 steel) |
Heat Treatment and Fabrication
EN1A:
Although EN1A can undergo case-hardening at 900–950°C, it is generally not recommended for hardening due to the risk of distortion.
Poor weldability.
1018:
It responds well to case hardening, such as carburising, and can undergo annealing or normalisation.
It exhibits excellent weldability using common methods such as MIG, TIG, and arc.
Regional Standards and Equivalents
EN1A: British standard (BS 970:230M07), equivalent to SAE 12L14 (leaded) or 1213/1215.
1018: U.S. standard (AISI/SAE 1018), equivalent to European C15E (1.1141)
Cost and Availability
EN1A is often more expensive because of its specialised free-cutting properties and the availability of leaded variants, such as EN1APb.
1018: Widely available globally, cost-effective for general-purpose use
Quick Selection Guide
- Need fastest machining, best chip control and finish, no welding or severe forming: EN1A (or EN1A Pb).
- Need to weld, bend, or case‑harden with a stronger core: 1018.
In general, EN1A steel is a better option for precision engineering applications that require a good surface finish, while 1018 steel is a better option for structural applications that require good formability and weldability.
Applications
EN1A: Perfect for precision-machined, high-volume parts such as bolts, screws, hydraulic fittings, and parts for printing and textile equipment. Not advised for high-stress structural applications or welding.
1018: Because of its formability and weldability, 1018 is used for automotive parts, welded assemblies, and structural components like shafts, spindles, and pins.